资料图:美国众议院共和党领袖麦卡锡。中新社记者 沙晗汀摄
由于两党对立加剧、党派内斗、利益分配不均等因素,众议长选举陷入一场拉锯战。在此次众议长竞选中,美国民主党议员继续抱团,多轮投票中,一票不投麦卡锡,共和党右翼“强硬派”领头的约20人小团体也拒绝投票麦卡锡。
麦卡锡的当选之路一波三折,除了本人的“政治投机派”角色在国会不受欢迎外,与共和党内部政治分歧关系密切。
一方面,共和党党内反对者认为,麦卡锡对民主党态度过于软弱,无力对抗民主党控制的参议院和拜登政府,另一方面,因为共和党的多数优势微弱,党内一些影响力较小的派系的政治力量则被放大,有利于他们巩固自己的选票。
此外,党内反对者也认为,自己的选票没有换取更多利益,希望以此作为筹码换取麦卡锡更大的让步,比如让他们获得众议院重要委员会中的职务。
作为仅次于美国总统、副总统的政坛三号人物,众议院议长通常由众议院多数党领袖担任,选举几乎没有悬念。然而,麦卡锡此次为当选,不得不做出多个关键让步,其中可能包括恢复一项罢黜议长动议机制,使得众议长的权力被削弱,难以掌控众议院。
美国有线电视新闻网CNN称,麦卡锡在这场不合时宜的政治勒索中作出让步,这种绥靖政策只会让极端主义势力更加强大。
这场引发全世界围观的尴尬选举暴露出美国政治存在严重的对立和分化。在权力博弈思维的裹挟下,党派利益凌驾于国家和人民利益之上,美国两党相互拆台,陷入“为反对而反对”的无脑对垒。而即便是一党内,也会因为利益分配问题产生不同的小派系,相互对抗,选票变成了谋利益的工具。
从国会山骚乱到打破记历史记录的15轮众议长选举,“对抗式民主”让美国政治陷入瓶颈,长期对抗势必会让政客们丧失客观公正的判断能力,其政治阶层是否有能力治理国家也会引发质疑。
两党之争和党派内斗进一步放大了美国政治体制弊病,美国所谓的“民主”形象,让全世界大跌眼镜。鼓吹以选民利益为先的美式选举,变成了政客们利益置换的游戏,进一步彰显出美国“民主政治”日渐失能,不断极化的党争已使美国政治制度陷入死循环。
House speaker election reveals deep-rooted problems in U.S. democracy
(ECNS) -- The Republican leader Kevin McCarthy was elected as the 55th speaker of the U.S. House of Representatives after 15 ballots. As the most grueling House speaker election in the past 164 years, the election has highlighted the defects of the country’s "confrontational democracy".
The election once reached a stalemate due to intense partisan strife, inner-party struggle among the Republicans, uneven distribution of interests, and more. Democratic Party members forged a close alliance, refusing to vote for McCarthy, while about 20 Republicans also declined to cast ballots for the GOP leader.
Except for his unpopular role as a "political speculator" in Congress, McCarthy’s hard-won election can be attributed to turmoil within the Republican Party.
On the one hand, opponents in the Republican Party believe that the GOP leader's attitude toward the Democrats is too weak to confront the Senate controlled by Democrats and the Biden administration.
On the other hand, the political power of some less influential factions in the Republican Party has been amplified due to the Party’s weak majority advantage in the House of Representatives, which is conducive to consolidating their ticket warehouses.
Meanwhile, these opponents believe that their votes failed to win them more benefits, hoping to use this as a bargaining chip for McCarthy's further concessions, such as getting them positions in important House Committees.
As the third political figure after the President and Vice President of the U.S., the speaker, by tradition, is the head of the majority party in the House of Representatives.
But McCarthy has made many concessions in order to bring the ultra conservatives along, involving what’s known as the “motion to vacate,” a mechanism by which members can force a vote to depose the speaker. The reported concessions will empower individual members at the expense of McCarthy’s sway as speaker.
CNN thought the concessions he made during this unseemly political shakedown would only make the extremist faction more powerful.
This embarrassing election, which has drawn global attention, exposed the serious opposition and polarization in American politics. Both Democrats and Republicans put their interests before that of the country and its people, attacking and opposing each other irrationally.
Besides, different factions arise within a single party and confront each other because of the distribution of interests. Votes have become a tool to win more benefits.
From Capitol riots to the House Speaker election with record-breaking ballots, "confrontational democracy" has become a bottleneck of American politics. Long-term confrontation will surely impede politicians to think objectively and fairly while their capacity of governing the country will also raise doubts among the public.
Both parties’ struggle and infighting among the Republicans have further amplified the defects of the American political system, with its "democratic" image shocking the world.
The U.S.-style election, which advocates putting voters' interests first, has become a game of interest exchange among politicians. In addition, it further demonstrates the malfunction of American "democratic politics" and the constantly polarized party struggle that has trapped the American political system into an infinite cycle.
各地政府工作报告陆续出炉,回应哪些民生热点?******
中新网北京1月19日电(刘欢)自1月10日起,多地省级两会拉开帷幕,各地政府工作报告也陆续出炉。
大学生就业、养老保险、基层医疗、生产生活安全……报告关注并回应了哪些民生热点?
大学生就业难怎么办?
——大学生就业摆在更突出位置,做好毕业生就业指导
据教育部统计,2023届全国普通高校毕业生规模预计达1158万。近年来,高校毕业生就业问题备受关注。一边是大学呼吁解决就业难,另一边是用人单位苦于招人难。对此,多地政府工作报告提出要做好大学生就业指导工作。
如广东、四川、海南等地要求把促进青年特别是高校毕业生就业工作摆在更加突出位置。
海南提出,要举办“百场万岗”校园招聘活动,全省高校毕业生就业去向落实率和留琼率分别达83%、62%。广西要求力争2023届离校未就业高校毕业生就业率达90%以上。
上海市市长龚正回答媒体提问时表示,要强化重点群体帮扶,首先是高校毕业生,就业指导、岗位推荐、就业见习等措施要进一步完善提升。
云南省政府工作报告指出,要消除影响平等就业的不合理限制和就业歧视。支持和规范新就业形态,推进多渠道灵活就业。
如何应对人口老龄化?
——推进“老有康养”,鼓励开展个人养老金试点
养老是民生领域焦点话题之一。
国家卫健委此前表示,据测算,预计“十四五”时期,我国将进入中度老龄化阶段。2035年左右,60岁及以上老年人口将突破4亿,在总人口中的占比将超过30%,进入重度老龄化阶段。
今年的省级地方两会上,养老依然是多地2023年要办的民生实事中的重要课题。
北京、福建、广西等地鼓励开展个人养老金制度试点,广东提到规范发展第三支柱养老保险。
海南省政府工作报告提出,要发展普惠性养老,全省托位数达3.3个/千人,同时推进健康海南行动暨人均预期寿命提升行动,全省人均预期寿命达80岁。
浙江提到,推进“老有康养”,推动长期护理保险参保全覆盖、基本养老服务覆盖全体老年人,构建居家养老和机构养老相结合的便捷化、多样化、智慧化的养老服务体系。此外,人均预期寿命要超过82.7岁。
“乙类乙管”后看病如何更方便?
——推进基层医疗建设,扩大异地就医直接结算覆盖面
在医疗建设方面,多地政府报告提出精准落实“乙类乙管”,推进基层医疗建设。
云南省政府工作报告提到,建好国家和省级区域医疗中心,实施“百县工程”持续提升县级医院综合能力,壮大农村和社区医疗卫生队伍,建设省优、县强、基层稳定的医疗卫生服务体系。深化医药卫生体制改革,促进“三医”协同发展和治理。
北京要求加快制定实施新一轮公共卫生应急管理体系建设行动计划,着力优化医疗资源布局,提升医疗救护设施配备,完善分级诊疗机制,加大社区卫生服务投入和全科医生培养力度。
海南提出推动优质医疗资源扩容下沉,实现城市医疗集团和县域医共体整合到位、正常运转,并从软硬件、标准化方面系统谋划全省村级卫生室建设,弥补基层卫生短板。
同时,在异地就医方面,湖南、广东等地提出扩大异地就医直接结算覆盖面。广西则提到扩大门诊特殊慢性病跨省直接结算病种。
生产安全、自然灾害问题怎么应对?
——防灾减灾救灾,有效防范化解重大风险
今年省级两会上,多地政府工作报告提出要加强安全体系和能力建设。
河南省政府工作报告指出,要加强城市规划、建设、运行等各环节安全管理,全面提升各类基础设施防灾减灾抗灾能力。实施自然灾害防治重大工程,提升大中城市防洪标准,推进气象防灾减灾中心等 106 个应急能力提升项目,并加强城市人口疏散和应急避难场所建设。
四川提出推进森林草原防灭火常态化治理。
天津提到要统筹做好重要民生商品保供稳价和煤电油气运保障供应,全面加强食品药品监管。
山西省政府工作报告提出,持续深化煤矿、非煤矿山、道路交通等重点领域安全治理,落实风险分级管控和隐患排查治理双重预防机制,提升本质安全水平,坚决杜绝重特大事故、遏制较大事故、减少一般事故,着力提高防灾减灾救灾能力。(完)
(文图:赵筱尘 巫邓炎) [责编:天天中] 阅读剩余全文() ![]() 彩神88地图 |