中新网评:美国众议长选举“连续剧”暴露美式民主痼疾******
中新网北京1月9日电(蒋鲤)在15轮投票表决后,美国众议院议长选举这场“连续剧”终于落下帷幕,众议院共和党领袖凯文·麦卡锡最终成功当选第55任美国众议院议长。这是美国国会过去164年来耗时最久的一次议长选举记录,将美国“对抗式民主”的弊端暴露无遗。
资料图:美国众议院共和党领袖麦卡锡。中新社记者 沙晗汀摄
由于两党对立加剧、党派内斗、利益分配不均等因素,众议长选举陷入一场拉锯战。在此次众议长竞选中,美国民主党议员继续抱团,多轮投票中,一票不投麦卡锡,共和党右翼“强硬派”领头的约20人小团体也拒绝投票麦卡锡。
麦卡锡的当选之路一波三折,除了本人的“政治投机派”角色在国会不受欢迎外,与共和党内部政治分歧关系密切。
一方面,共和党党内反对者认为,麦卡锡对民主党态度过于软弱,无力对抗民主党控制的参议院和拜登政府,另一方面,因为共和党的多数优势微弱,党内一些影响力较小的派系的政治力量则被放大,有利于他们巩固自己的选票。
此外,党内反对者也认为,自己的选票没有换取更多利益,希望以此作为筹码换取麦卡锡更大的让步,比如让他们获得众议院重要委员会中的职务。
作为仅次于美国总统、副总统的政坛三号人物,众议院议长通常由众议院多数党领袖担任,选举几乎没有悬念。然而,麦卡锡此次为当选,不得不做出多个关键让步,其中可能包括恢复一项罢黜议长动议机制,使得众议长的权力被削弱,难以掌控众议院。
美国有线电视新闻网CNN称,麦卡锡在这场不合时宜的政治勒索中作出让步,这种绥靖政策只会让极端主义势力更加强大。
这场引发全世界围观的尴尬选举暴露出美国政治存在严重的对立和分化。在权力博弈思维的裹挟下,党派利益凌驾于国家和人民利益之上,美国两党相互拆台,陷入“为反对而反对”的无脑对垒。而即便是一党内,也会因为利益分配问题产生不同的小派系,相互对抗,选票变成了谋利益的工具。
从国会山骚乱到打破记历史记录的15轮众议长选举,“对抗式民主”让美国政治陷入瓶颈,长期对抗势必会让政客们丧失客观公正的判断能力,其政治阶层是否有能力治理国家也会引发质疑。
两党之争和党派内斗进一步放大了美国政治体制弊病,美国所谓的“民主”形象,让全世界大跌眼镜。鼓吹以选民利益为先的美式选举,变成了政客们利益置换的游戏,进一步彰显出美国“民主政治”日渐失能,不断极化的党争已使美国政治制度陷入死循环。
House speaker election reveals deep-rooted problems in U.S. democracy
(ECNS) -- The Republican leader Kevin McCarthy was elected as the 55th speaker of the U.S. House of Representatives after 15 ballots. As the most grueling House speaker election in the past 164 years, the election has highlighted the defects of the country’s "confrontational democracy".
The election once reached a stalemate due to intense partisan strife, inner-party struggle among the Republicans, uneven distribution of interests, and more. Democratic Party members forged a close alliance, refusing to vote for McCarthy, while about 20 Republicans also declined to cast ballots for the GOP leader.
Except for his unpopular role as a "political speculator" in Congress, McCarthy’s hard-won election can be attributed to turmoil within the Republican Party.
On the one hand, opponents in the Republican Party believe that the GOP leader's attitude toward the Democrats is too weak to confront the Senate controlled by Democrats and the Biden administration.
On the other hand, the political power of some less influential factions in the Republican Party has been amplified due to the Party’s weak majority advantage in the House of Representatives, which is conducive to consolidating their ticket warehouses.
Meanwhile, these opponents believe that their votes failed to win them more benefits, hoping to use this as a bargaining chip for McCarthy's further concessions, such as getting them positions in important House Committees.
As the third political figure after the President and Vice President of the U.S., the speaker, by tradition, is the head of the majority party in the House of Representatives.
But McCarthy has made many concessions in order to bring the ultra conservatives along, involving what’s known as the “motion to vacate,” a mechanism by which members can force a vote to depose the speaker. The reported concessions will empower individual members at the expense of McCarthy’s sway as speaker.
CNN thought the concessions he made during this unseemly political shakedown would only make the extremist faction more powerful.
This embarrassing election, which has drawn global attention, exposed the serious opposition and polarization in American politics. Both Democrats and Republicans put their interests before that of the country and its people, attacking and opposing each other irrationally.
Besides, different factions arise within a single party and confront each other because of the distribution of interests. Votes have become a tool to win more benefits.
From Capitol riots to the House Speaker election with record-breaking ballots, "confrontational democracy" has become a bottleneck of American politics. Long-term confrontation will surely impede politicians to think objectively and fairly while their capacity of governing the country will also raise doubts among the public.
Both parties’ struggle and infighting among the Republicans have further amplified the defects of the American political system, with its "democratic" image shocking the world.
The U.S.-style election, which advocates putting voters' interests first, has become a game of interest exchange among politicians. In addition, it further demonstrates the malfunction of American "democratic politics" and the constantly polarized party struggle that has trapped the American political system into an infinite cycle.
“绳彩飞扬”助力校园特色体育******
山东省济南市历下区历山学校:
“绳彩飞扬”助力校园特色体育
近日,在山东省济南市历下区历山学校操场上,学生们随着大绳和小绳的翻飞,机智地跳跃、跑动,笑意写在脸上、快乐洋溢心中。这是该校学生正在备战全国跳绳联赛训练的场景,而全校开展跳绳活动正在成为学校的一道风景,“人人会跳绳、天天有比赛、班班有队伍”局面已经形成。
从2018年9月开始,历山学校着力研发实施“绳彩飞扬”特色课程体系,在“以绳健体、以绳会友、以绳促德、以绳增智”的理念引领下,学校以学生体质健康为中心,以体育课堂为载体,以阳光大课间为补充,以“绳彩飞扬”为主题,充分发挥花样跳绳特色项目的育人作用,将校园特色体育文化建设与学校整体文化育人建设紧密结合起来,为学生健康打下了坚实基础。
“绳彩飞扬”课程推动学校特色体育文化发展
近年来,历山学校结合本校实际情况,遵循学生年龄阶段的发展规律,加强对跳绳运动传统文化的传承,引导学生逐步了解跳绳文化,不断丰富跳绳课程内容,同时,将跳绳与音乐等学科相结合,借助音乐的旋律,提升学生对韵律的欣赏和对节奏的把握;立足实践探索编制花样跳绳绳操“绳彩飞扬”课程教材,在学校大课间推广,激发学生跳绳的兴趣,为校园特色文化打好基础。
除了提升学生们的技能,学校还注重跳绳知识和礼节等相关体育文化的教育,将花样跳绳技能教学渗透到体育教育中,由“戏”过渡到“育”的阶段,其内容和形式不断发展变化。同时,学校注重跳绳组合形式等方面的探索与研究,使花样跳绳运动朝着多样性、娱乐性、观赏性的方向发展。经过大量的“练”和“赛”,不仅学生之间的默契配合度得到提升,团队合作意识与能力也得到增强。
学校还充分发挥第二课堂的作用,利用花样跳绳社团弥补学生“练”“赛”的不足。为提高学生兴趣,学校专门成立了“跳绳社团教师指导小组”,以帮助各学习小组的教师学好每一个动作。同时,学校还加大对课程理论的学习研究,参与编写《山东师大基础教育集团跳绳教程》《花样跳绳》校本教程教材,申报课题“跳绳运动对提升小学生体质健康的实践研究”等。
多种方式推动“以赛促练,以练促学”
学校充分考虑跳绳场地较小的特点,利用“天天跳绳”软件,组织全校线上跳绳比赛,组织学生参加山东省第一届线上中小学生跳绳比赛,为学校线上体育教学发展提供了更多借鉴和经验,让“以赛促练”成为学校体育发展的主要路径。
结合学校体育教学实际,学校着力推进“以赛促练,以练促学”活动。第一学期低年级以“一分钟并脚跳”为主,高年级以“8字绕”为主;第二学期学校组织体育节、跳绳吉尼斯活动。同时,借助山东师大基础教育集团办学优势,2021年,学校承办了“童心向党,绳彩飞扬”山东师大基础教育集团跳绳比赛,让整个校园因花样跳绳焕发出新的活力与生机。
“绳彩飞扬”助力学生全面成长
通过特色体育文化引领,学校的体育工作实现了质的提升。
2021年学生体质健康综合评价达标率为96.34%,其中一分钟跳绳达标率高达99.61%。从2018年开始至今,历山学校花样跳绳队在全国跳绳联赛、全省全民健身运动会、全省中小学生线上跳绳比赛、济南市中小学生跳绳比赛上屡次取得优异成绩:18次获得全国跳绳联赛第一名,连续4年获得山东省特等奖,学校“绳彩飞扬”活动获得历下区“阳光大课间”活动评比第一名,学校被评为“山东省校园跳绳推广学校”。
(作者:辛吉荣 王欣欣,单位系山东省济南市历下区历山学校)
《中国教育报》2023年01月10日第9版
(文图:赵筱尘 巫邓炎)